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Human rights in Swaziland
Swaziland, Africa's last remaining absolute monarchy,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/article/african-commission-criticizes-swaziland%E2%80%99s-human-rights-record )〕 was rated by Freedom House from 1972 to 1992 as “Partly Free”; since 1993, it has been considered “Not Free.” During these years the country's Freedom House rating for “Political Rights” has slipped from 4 to 7, and “Civil Liberties” from 2 to 5.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW%20All%20Scores%2C%20Countries%2C%201973-2012%20%28FINAL%29.xls )〕 Political parties have been banned in Swaziland since 1973.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-swaziland )〕 A 2011 Human Rights Watch report described the country as being “in the midst of a serious crisis of governance,” noting that “()ears of extravagant expenditure by the royal family, fiscal indiscipline, and government corruption have left the country on the brink of economic disaster.”〔 In 2012, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) issued a sharp criticism of Swaziland's human-rights record, calling on the Swazi government to honor its commitments under international law in regards to freedom of expression, association, and assembly.〔 HRW notes that owing to a 40% unemployment rate and low wages that oblige 80 percent of Swazis to live on less than US$2 a day, the government has been under “increasing pressure from civil society activists and trade unionists to implement economic reforms and open up the space for civil and political activism” and that dozens of arrests have taken place “during protests against the government’s poor governance and human rights record.”〔
Human-rights problems in Swaziland include, according to a 2011 report by the U.S. State Department, “extrajudicial killings by security forces; mob killings; police use of torture, beatings, and excessive force on detainees; police impunity; arbitrary arrests and lengthy pretrial detention; arbitrary interference with privacy and home; restrictions on freedoms of speech and press and harassment of journalists; restrictions on freedoms of assembly, association, and movement; prohibitions on political activity and harassment of political activists; discrimination and violence against women; child abuse; trafficking in persons; societal discrimination against members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community; discrimination against mixed-race and white citizens; harassment of labor leaders; restrictions on worker rights; and child labor.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154372.htm )〕
In August 2011 the International Monetary Fund urged Swaziland’s government to implement fiscal reforms to address its deepening crisis. In that same month South Africa agreed to loan Swaziland $355 million on the condition that it institute political and economic reforms. The conditions were rejected.〔
==Human-rights commission==
Amnesty International noted in 2011 that the Swazi constitution provides for the establishment of a Human Rights and Public Administration Commission. That commission was appointed in 2009, but operates “in the absence of an enabling statutory law,” which keeps it “from effectively discharging its mandate and obligations.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR55/006/2011/en/e92b3066-7d8f-47a8-aa32-3d06dff05da5/afr550062011en.pdf )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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